What does XRF measurement determine in an assessment?

XRF measurement, or X-ray fluorescence measurement, is a non-destructive testing method that specifically allows for the detection and quantification of lead concentrations in various materials, expressed in units such as milligrams per square centimeter (mg/cm²). This technique is highly effective in assessing lead hazards, particularly in older buildings where lead-based paints and coatings may be present. By targeting the lead atoms with X-rays, it enables the evaluation of lead content without damaging the material being tested.

The other options do not pertain to the capabilities of XRF measurements. For example, while general air quality assessments can provide vital information regarding various contaminants, they do not specifically measure lead concentrations. Similarly, identifying the presence of asbestos requires different testing methodologies, such as polarized light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy, rather than XRF. Lastly, moisture levels in building materials are typically assessed using moisture meters or other specialized instruments, again outside the scope of what XRF can measure. Hence, the appropriate context of XRF is clearly tied to lead concentration determination.